Tomas lindahl biography of michael

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Abstract

I completed my medical studies at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm but have always been devoted to basic research. My longstanding interest is to understand fundamental DNA repair mechanisms in the fields of cancer therapy, inherited human genetic disorders and ancient DNA. I initially measured DNA decay, including rates of base loss and cytosine deamination. I have discovered several important DNA repair proteins and determined their mechanisms of action. The discovery of uracil-DNA glycosylase defined a new category of repair enzymes with each specialized for different types of DNA damage. The base excision repair pathway was first reconstituted with human proteins in my group. Cell-free analysis for mammalian nucleotide excision repair of DNA was also developed in my laboratory. I found multiple distinct DNA ligases in mammalian cells, and led the first genetic and biochemical work on DNA ligases I, III and IV. I discovered the mammalian exonucleases DNase III (TRE

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• Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna

Emmanuelle Charpentier at the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology and Jennifer A. Doudna at the University of California, Berkeley, won the Nobel Prize for chemistry for the development of the CRISPR-Cas9 method for genome editing.

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Charles M. Rice at The Rockefeller University, Harvey Alter at National Institutes of Health and Michael Houghton at the University of Alberta won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for the discovery of the hepatitis C virus.

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Gregg L. Semenza at Johns Hopkins University, William G. Kaelin Jr. at the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute and Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe at Oxford University won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.

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Michael W. Young at the Rockefeller University and Michael Rosbash and Jeffrey C. Hall at Brandeis University wo